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Patriot Prayer’s ideology and goals are vague. The group has held rallies in support of gun rights, free speech, and former President Trump.[102] According to the group’s Facebook page, Patriot Prayer aims to fight “corruption, big government, and tyranny using God for strength and the power of love.” [103] Another of the group’s objectives includes “liberat[ing] the conservatives on the West Coast.”[104]
Gibson has denied that the group supports any neo-Nazi or white supremacist principles, even though its rallies often attracted white nationalist and extremist groups. Because Patriot Prayer does not openly espouse racist views, some have referred to it as an “alt lite group,” a term used to describe right-wing activists who “reject the overtly white supremacist ideology of the alt right” but who embrace misogyny, racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism and anti-Muslim bigotry.[105]
While the group’s ideology and goals may be ambiguous, its enemy is not: left-wing activists, namely antifa. According to Vegas Tenold, investigative researcher at the Anti-Defamation League’s Center on Extremism, “In large part they [Patriot Prayer] define themselves not by who they are or what they believe but by who they are against, which is anti-fascist activists on the left in general. This ensures a big tent that street brawlers of all kinds can find a home in.”[106] The group’s anti-left fanaticism explains why it targeted left-leaning cities in the Pacific Northwest and Northern California and is reflected in some of its members, such as Tusitala “Tiny” Toese, who have attended rallies wearing t-shirts declaring that “Pinochet Did Nothing Wrong”—a reference to the U.S.-installed Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet whose regime attempted to crush the liberal opposition.[107]
Joey Gibson and supporters of Patriot Prayer have consistently expressed political support for former President Donald Trump. Gibson developed into a conservative political activist during Donald Trump’s presidential campaign in 2016.[108] Gibson attended the 2016 Republican National Convention in Cleveland, and he organized and spoke at several pro-Trump rallies in Washington state.[109] After forming Patriot Prayer later that year, Gibson has gone on to organize several pro-Trump rallies in Portland and other left-leaning cities in the Pacific Northwest and Northern California.[110] Elected representatives have also attended and spoken at rallies organized by Gibson and Patriot Prayer, including Republican member of the Washington House of Representatives Elizabeth Pike.[111]
In 2018, Patriot Prayer’s founder, Joey Gibson, ran as a Republican in the 2018 U.S. Senate election in Washington state. In his candidate profile for the Washington Secretary of State’s Voter Guide, Gibson described his two years of leading Patriot Prayer as “community service.”[112] During his campaign, Gibson inveighed against a “rigged and broken” political system and promised to bring about a conservative revolution in the Pacific Northwest. He also expressed support for a pathway to citizenship for non-criminal illegal immigrants, the decriminalization of marijuana, same-sex marriage, term limits for elected officials, and eliminating tax loopholes for corporations. He lost in the primary on August 7, 2018, receiving only 2.3% of the votes cast.[113]
On November 7, 2020, Joey Gibson organized a “Stop the Steal” rally in support of claims of fraud in the 2020 presidential election. The rally took place in a park in Vancouver, Washington. Approximately 200 people showed up, some of whom were armed with handguns and rifles.[114] It is unclear if the group held any additional “Stop the Steal” events.
Joey Gibson and his Patriot Prayer supporters have held rallies in liberal cities across the Pacific Northwest and Northern California with the aim of provoking a response from left-wing activists.[115] Although the group does not openly espouse violence, its activities seem largely geared towards generating a violent reaction from left-wing activists and garnering sympathy from right-wing viewers watching the events across the United States. According to a Vicedocumentary, “Gibson wants to create scenes that make leftists look violent and him look like the victim. He did it at Berkeley in 2017 and again in Portland the following year. He’s got a formula: Walk into counter-protesters, provoke a reaction, then retreat behind the police line.”[116] According to journalist Sergio Olmos, Patriot Prayer events generally unfold in the following manner:
- “Gibson announces a rally in a liberal city.
- Anti-fascist activists show up.
- Gibson wanders into their ranks in the expectation that one of them will attack him.
- They do.
- He streams video of it online, garnering sympathy and donations from the audience at home.
- Repeat.”[117]
Gibson has denied that his goal is to encourage violence from leftists. “To say I wanted them to attack isn’t true,” Gibson stated. “I wanted to give them the opportunity to do what they wanted.”[118] Despite this denial, Gibson has instructed members and supporters to be armed at rallies, saying “Everyone should be carrying around guns at all times, especially people in our situation.”[119]
Disclaimer: This list includes instances in which the militant group engaged in or threatened violence. It is not a comprehensive listing but captures some of the most notable examples of participation in violent events.
Patriot Prayer does not have a history of widespread violence or attacks. Instead, the group’s use of violence is concentrated at rallies or events and targets left-wing activists. Members and followers of Patriot Prayer have engaged in street brawls at protests, resulting in the hospitalization of victims on at least one occasion. Patriot Prayer has also used its presence at protests and rallies to provoke violence from left wing activists and incite violent confrontation. Since it was founded in 2016, Patriot Prayer has organized several events in the Pacific Northwest and Northern California. The largest and most publicized of these events are described below.
April 2, 2017: Joey Gibson organized a “Rally for Trump and Freedom” in Vancouver, Washington. The event was attended by approximately 300 people, including counter-protesters, and remained relatively calm. The Three Percenters, a far-right group part of the larger anti-government movement, provided security.[120] Representative Elizabeth Pike, a Republican member of the Washington House of Representatives, spoke at the event. There was at least one minor skirmish at the event, and several people were arrested.[121]
April 29, 2017: Gibson and other local conservatives organized a “March for Free Speech” in Portland, Oregon. An estimated 60 counter-protesters showed up, and police made three arrests.[122] In attendance at the rally was Jeremy Joseph Christian, a white supremacist who subsequently killed two people in Portland in May 2017.[123] At the April 2017 rally, Christian reportedly gave Nazi salutes and yelled racial slurs while carrying a baseball bat.[124] Gibson later denounced Christian, claiming that he had no ties to Patriot Prayer and that he had been ejected from the rally.[125]
May 1, 2017: Patriot Prayer hosted a “Stand Against Communism” rally in downtown Seattle, Washington. Attended by nearly 150 people, the rally was meant to counter left-wing demonstrations also being held in Seattle on that day. According to a statement from Patriot Prayer, the purpose of their rally was to show “support for the Police, Trump, Freedom, and America” on a day (May Day) that has “traditionally [been] a day that Communist and Antifa [Anti-Fascists] run wild through downtown Seattle.” The events were mostly peaceful, although Patriot Prayer members and antifa activists did engage in minor skirmishes. Police arrested several people.[126]
June 4, 2017: Patriot Prayer joined other far-right groups – including American Freedom M/C, the Oath Keepers, and the Three Percenters – at the “Trump Free Speech Rally” in Portland, Oregon. The rally drew hundreds of demonstrators, including left-wing antifa members. Joey Gibson encouraged attendees to remain peaceful, telling a crowd, “I want everybody here…to find it in yourself to make this day positive, with no hate and no violence.” Police arrested 14 people and confiscated weapons such as brass knuckles and knives.[127]
June 15, 2017: Patriot Prayer members held a rally at Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington, in response to a controversial “Day of Absence” event at Evergreen State that would discourage white people from coming to campus for a day.[128] Roughly one hundred people attended the “Free Speech” rally alongside Patriot Prayer, though they were met by hundreds of counter-protestors. Some members of the two sides aggressively confronted each other, though Gibson himself attempted to non-violently engage antifa counter-protestors in a dialogue.”[129] After Gibson repeatedly attempted to advance into the opposition, he was hit with pepper spray.[130] Gibson complained after the rally: “Not one person shook my hand, not one. I just wanted to have a conversation with them.” At least one person was arrested at the event.[131]
June 30, 2017: Patriot Prayer held a two-hour “Freedom March” at the Portland Waterfront near the annual Blues Festival to “promote freedom and courage.” A Portland-based anti-fascist group, Rose City Antifa, organized a counter-rally called “Enough: Stop Patriot Prayer Now!” In total, about 200 people attended the rallies. While the rally and counter-rally were mostly peaceful, at least three skirmishes broke out between the opposing groups. There were no reports of any arrests.[132]
August 26, 2017: Joey Gibson planned to hold a controversial “Freedom Rally” at Crissy Field in San Francisco, California on August 26, 2017. However, Gibson called the rally off on August 25, citing safety concerns for his followers after several counter-demonstrations were announced. Gibson explained in a Facebook video that, after speaking with the police, he and the organizers of the Freedom Rally canceled the event because it “really seems like a setup.” After cancelling the rally, Gibson held a press conference in Pacifica, California with other members of Patriot Prayer. They were quickly forced to leave however, after hearing that anti-fascist counter-protesters were on their way to the event.[133]
August 27, 2017: The day after Patriot Prayer’s Crissy Field rally was to be held, Gibson showed up to a protest in Berkeley, where more than 4,000 people demonstrated against a planned right-wing rally with an “anti-Marxism” theme. Left-wing activists crowded Gibson, using pepper spray and shouting at him until police arrived to protect him. 13 people were arrested at the rally.[134]
September 10, 2017: Patriot Prayer hosted two separate free speech rallies, including one in Portland’s Waterfront Park and another nearby at Vancouver Landing Amphitheater in Vancouver, Washington. Members of two prominent far-right organizations, including the Three Percenters and the Proud Boys, showed up in support of Patriot Prayer. More than 1,000 counter-protesters were present. Both rallies ended with arrests after clashes between the opposing sides. One man was detained after he drove his pickup truck through a crowd of counter-protesters. He was not arrested and later released after questioning. No injuries were reported.[135]
September 26, 2017: Members of Patriot Prayer gathered at the University of California Berkeley. They were met by protesters, including representatives of the leftist activist group By Any Means Necessary (BAMN), and some skirmishes broke out. At the event, Kyle “Stickman” Chapman –a supporter of Patriot Prayer and founder of the Fraternal Order of Alt-Knights, which served as a “tactical defense arm” for the Proud Boys – gave a speech in which he talked about a “war against whites.” Three people were arrested.[136]
February 10, 2018: Patriot Prayer was invited by the University of Washington College Republicans (UWCR) to speak at their “Freedom Rally” at the University of Washington campus in Seattle, Washington. According to the UWCR’s Facebook page, the purpose of the event was “to encourage conservatives to stand up for freedom in a far-left University.” Several groups organized counter-protests, leading to skirmishes between the two sides. Police made five arrests.[137]
May 1, 2018: Patriot Prayer and Proud Boys members organized an event meant to counter the annual “March for Immigrant and Workers Rights” in downtown Seattle. There were reportedly a few dozen members in attendance.[138] In a speech at the rally, Gibson affirmed his support for the Proud Boys. Gibson was running for the U.S. Senate at the time, and he spoke in response to pressure to renounce the Proud Boys: “I will never turn my back on you [the Proud Boys]. There’s so much pressure on me right now, it’s constant, people all the time. They’re like, ‘Disavow them, disavow them, distance yourself, distance yourself. Here’s the thing, though: We cannot sell each other out! We cannot sell each other out simply because I want to win the campaign!”[139] A heavy police presence kept violence from breaking out between Patriot Prayer and Proud Boys attendees and the antifa activists at the march. One person was arrested.[140]
June 3, 2018: Patriot Prayer showed up in Portland to counter an anti-police brutality rally led by Empower Portland Alliance and Direct Action Alliance. In response, local antifa groups organized another counter-protest, which they labeled “Call to Resist Patriot Prayer Bringing Nazis to Portland.” The two sides threw fireworks, bottles, rocks, and ball bearings at each other. Four people were arrested, and several people received medical attention, though none were taken to the hospital.[141]
June 30, 2018: Patriot Prayer held a “Freedom and Courage” rally in downtown Portland. The event attracted more than 100 Patriot Prayer supporters, including members of the Proud Boys. In response, more than 100 counter-protesters showed up. The rally was declared a riot by the city of Portland after the opposing sides engaged in violent clashes with each other. Police reported observing assaults and criminal behavior during the rally. A viral video showed a Proud Boy member punching an antifa activist, who fell unconscious. Antifa counter-protestors threw objects at right-wing attendees, who then responded by beating antifa counter-protestors with flagpoles and PVC pipes, fracturing the skull of one counter-protestor. Nine people were arrested, and four people, plus a police officer, were taken to the hospital.[142]
August 4, 2018: Patriot Prayer and the Proud Boys teamed up to hold a rally, officially titled the “Gibson for Senate Freedom March,” in Portland to support Joey Gibson’s bid to become a senator for the state of Washington. The event attracted more than 400 far-right protesters as well as substantial number of antifa activists and other counter-protesters. A large police presence managed to keep the two groups apart during the rally. At one point, after protesters failed to disperse, police in riot gear rushed toward counter-protesters and fired flash grenades and rounds containing pepper spray. Police arrested four people.[143]
August 18, 2018: Patriot Prayer and the Washington Chapter of the Three Percenters held a joint “Liberty or Death” rally in Seattle to protest against leftwing violence. The rally drew about 150 people, many of whom wore camouflage and body armor and carried handguns or semi-automatic long guns. A counterprotest held by the Organized Workers for Labor Solidarity, Radical Women, and the Freedom Socialist Party drew two to three times as many people. The rally remained largely peaceful, although three people were arrested.[144]
November 17, 2018: Patriot Prayer took part in a “HimToo” rally aimed as a counter to the #MeToo movement against sexual assault. Hosted by Patriot Prayer member Haley Adams, speakers inveighed against the alleged rise in “false rape accusations” and made appeals to men’s rights and conspiracy theories. Attendees later clashed with counter-protesters, who had organized to support victims of sexual assault. An estimated 350 people in total attended the event, and police made 6 arrests.[145]
May 1, 2019: After attending annual May Day demonstrations in Portland, Gibson and members of Patriot Prayer met and violently engaged antifa counter-protestors outside the Cider Riot bar.[146] According to a police officer, Gibson was observed “‘taunting’ and threatening members of antifa and later ‘physically pushing’ a woman before she was hit with a baton and knocked unconscious by someone else.” Gibson and five other Patriot Prayer affiliates were arrested and indicted on felony rioting charges.[147] Two of these individuals pleaded guilty in January 2020, and another person pleaded guilty in May 2021.[148] As of March 2022, the charges against Gibson and the remaining two individuals connected to Patriot Prayer had not been resolved in court.
September 15, 2019: Joey Gibson held a “Peaceful Prayer Rally” with supporters of Patriot Prayer in Pioneer Square in downtown Portland. The demonstration remained largely peaceful despite the presence of counter-protesters.[149]
June 26, 2020: Joey Gibson led supporters of Patriot Prayer to protest Washington’s state-wide mask mandate, a measure taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The protesters also reportedly sought to show support for a pet groomer who had reopened her business in violation of COVID-19 regulations. Gibson was joined by members of the Peoples Rights Washington group in the demonstration outside of Vancouver City Hall in Vancouver, Washington.[150]
August 22, 2020: Right-wing groups, including Patriot Prayer and the Proud Boys, showed up in Portland to participate in a “No to Marxism in America” rally, which attracted anti-fascist counter-protesters. Activists on both sides wielded a variety of weapons, including baseball bats and firearms. Several skirmishes broke out, some of which turned violent.[151]
August 29, 2020: Aaron “Jay” Danielson, a Patriot Prayer supporter, was shot and killed after participating in a pro-Trump truck caravan amid the ongoing George Floyd protests in Portland.[152] Joey Gibson had attended the pro-Trump caravan with Danielson earlier that day. [153]After the caravan, Danielson was killed by Michael Reinoehl, a self-described anti-fascist. Danielson was wearing a hat and shirt with the Patriot Prayer logo when he was shot.[154]Reinoehl was charged with second-degree murder and was shot and killed by the police only a few days later.[155]
November 7, 2020: In November 7, 2020, Joey Gibson organized a “Stop the Steal” rally in a park in Vancouver, Washington. Approximately 200 people showed up, some of whom were armed with handguns and rifles. Few counter-protesters were present.[156]
November 23, 2020: Gibson led a rally in Richland, Washington, and some attendees joined him afterward in traveling to Kennewick, Washington, to demonstrate outside the private residence of a Washington state Liquor and Cannabis Board officer. About a dozen people showed up, using a bull horn to call on the officer to “stand down” and stop enforcing coronavirus-related restrictions on indoor dining.[157]
December 12, 2020: Patriot Prayer organized a “Freedom Rally” in the small town of Mossyrock, Washington, to protest state-wide COVID-19 restrictions. The location of Mossyrock was likely selected to show support for Mossyrock’s mayor and his efforts to resist the restrictions. Attendance was in the hundreds, and the event was peaceful.[158]
December 21, 2020: Patriot Prayer organized a demonstration at the Oregon State Capitol to protest state-wide COVID-19 restrictions and mandates. On December 20, Patriot Prayer leader Joey Gibson tweeted to advertise the event: “State legislators will B there in person but they illegally closed the meeting to the public. We have an amazing opportunity to confront these criminals hiding from the people.”[159] Approximately 300 people attended. Some protestors attempted to enter the building and interrupt the legislature’s closed session discussing the COVID-19 relief policies. They pounded on and broke glass doors and sprayed officers denying their entry with chemical agents. [160]Some protestors were armed with weapons, including rifles.[161] Several protestors successfully breached the building but were subsequently removed by law enforcement.[162] Members of the Proud Boys were also reportedly in attendance.[163] Police made at least five arrests during the six-hour rally.[164]
August 8, 2021: Right-wing activists, including members of Patriot Prayer and the Proud Boys, gathered in Portland to provide security for an event organized by anti-LGBTQ pastor Artur Pawlowski and COVID-skeptic preacher Sean Feucht. Following the event, the activists engaged in violent clashes with counter-protesters in the streets of downtown Portland, where the two groups sprayed mace, threw punches, and shot explosives at each other.[165]
September 10, 2021: Joey Gibson and Tusitala “Tiny” Toese were reportedly present among a group of about 40 people who gathered at a Vancouver, Washington high school to oppose the state’s mask mandate in schools.[166] The demonstration violated a court order and implicitly threatened violence.
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This group has not been designated as a terrorist organization by any major national government or international body.
Patriot Prayer draws supporters from a range of communities and backgrounds. The majority of its supporters appear to be white, although members do include people of color. The group’s founder, Joey Gibson, identifies as Japanese American and has used the presence of people of color to “prove” that the group is not racist.[167] People associated with the group range from Trump supporters to white nationalists.[168]
Patriot Prayer has often used Facebook to recruit members and attendees to its events.[169] In September 2020, Facebook took down the pages for Patriot Prayer and Joey Gibson as part of its crackdown on “violent social militias.” Before it was removed, the page had nearly 45,000 followers.[170] The group now has a dedicated website where it posts information on upcoming events and rallies.
In a September 2020 interview with The Washington Post, Joey Gibson claimed that he has “shifted the group to be less confrontational.” According to Gibson, “The last few years, we didn’t even organize in Portland. We go into smaller areas, and we have been putting all of our effort into meeting with victims of government overreach.”[171] Since 2020, the group’s protests have indeed focused more on combatting COVID-19 restrictions and mask mandates in communities in than on confronting left-wing protesters.[172]
Patriot Prayer has cultivated relationships with other right-wing groups that share their hostility towards the left, including the Proud Boys, the Oath Keepers, and the Three Percenters.[173] According to an individual who successfully infiltrated Patriot Prayer, it is the group’s partnerships with other right-wing groups that help increase their numbers at events.[174]
Proud Boys
The Proud Boys is all-male, far-right extremist organization with chapters around the United States, including in the Pacific Northwest. Patriot Prayer has collaborated with local members of the Proud Boys to organize many of its rallies and events. For example, in May 2018, members of the two groups worked together to organize a counter-protest of the annual “March for Immigrant and Workers Rights” in Seattle, Washington.[175] In August 2018, Patriot Prayer and the Proud Boys jointly host a rally in Portland to support Joey Gibson’s bid to become a senator for the state of Washington.[176]
Proud Boys members also came out to support many of the events organized by Patriot Prayer, including the group’s protest at the Oregon State Capitol in December 2020. [177] In turn, Patriot Prayer members also attended rallies put on by the Proud Boys. For example, Gibson encouraged his followers to “show up one hundred fold” at a May 2019 rally organized by the Proud Boys and Three Percenters.[178]
Membership in Patriot Prayer is highly fluid, and some members are also members of the Proud Boys. Tusitala “Tiny” Toese, described in reports as Gibson’s “top lieutenant” and “sidekick,” was both a member of Patriot Prayer and an organizer of Proud Boys events in Portland.[179] Additionally, there is evidence that Chandler Pappas was a member of Patriot Prayer and the Proud Boys.[180]
In a speech at a May 2018 event co-organized with the Proud Boys, Gibson proclaimed his support of the Proud Boys: “I will never turn my back on you,” Gibson stated. “There’s so much pressure on me right now, it’s constant, people all the time. They’re like, ‘Disavow them, disavow them, distance yourself, distance yourself.’ Here’s the thing, though: We cannot sell each other out! We gotta support one another. We gotta continue to hold each other up.”[181]
However, reports in September 2020 suggested that Gibson’s relationship with the Proud Boys might have soured. According to The Washington Post, Gibson is “no longer affiliated with the Proud Boys, after he and other leaders of the group went their separate ways.”[182]
Three Percenters
The Three Percenters is a far-right, anti-government extremist group. It is considered one of the largest umbrella groups in the U.S. militia movement and has chapters around the country. Patriot Prayer has maintained connections to the Three Percenters mostly through shared participation at events. In August 2018, Patriot Prayer and the Washington Chapter of the Three Percenters held a joint “Liberty or Death” rally in Seattle to protest against leftwing violence.[183] At Patriot Prayer’s “Rally for Trump and Freedom” in April 2017, the Three Percenters provided security.[184] Three Percenters members have also been in attendance at Patriot Prayer rallies in June 2017 and September 2017.[185] Gibson encouraged his own Patriot Prayer followers to “show up one hundred fold” at a May 2019 rally organized by the Proud Boys and Three Percenters.[186] Unlike the Proud Boys, there is less evidence that Patriot Prayer shares members with the Three Percenters.
Oath Keepers
The Oath Keepers is a far-right militant organization with chapters around the country. It recruits heavily from former military and law enforcement personnel and opposes overreach by the federal government. Unlike the Proud Boys and Three Percenters, there is less evidence of ties between Oath Keepers and Patriot Prayer. Oath Keepers members have not been regular attendees at Patriot Prayer rallies.
In June 2017, the Oath Keepers provided security for a “Trump Free Speech Rally” organized by Patriot Prayer in Portland, Oregon. The request for security reportedly came from a local Republican Party chairman, and it is unclear if the Oath Keepers communicated or coordinated at all with Patriot Prayer leadership.[187]
Other organizations
Patriot Prayer rallies attracted a variety of supporters from the far-right, including neo-Nazis, and other organized white supremacists appeared at the group’s rallies and events.[188] Members of Identity Evropa, a white nationalist group, were reportedly seen at the groups’ events.[189]
There are no identifiable external influences for this group.
[1] Haukaas, Jonathan. “Clark County Trump rally disrupted by anarchists.” The Reflector. April 4, 2017. https://www.thereflector.com/stories/clark-county-trump-rally-disrupted-....
[2] “Anti-mask demonstrators return to school despite court order.” The Associated Press. September 10, 2021. https://apnews.com/article/health-religion-education-coronavirus-pandemi.... ; Brynelson, Troy. “Anti-mask demonstrators return to Vancouver’s Skyview High School, despite court order.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. September 10, 2021. https://www.opb.org/article/2021/09/10/anti-mask-protests-return-vancouv... Although no violence resulted on this occasion, Patriot Prayer has consistently used its presence at events to instigate and provoke violence. Its presence threatens violence.
[3] “What We Know About Patriot Prayer.” Southern Poverty Law Center. August 31, 2020. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2020/08/31/what-we-know-about-patrio.... ; Neiwert, David. “What you need to know about Saturday’s ‘Patriot’ Rally in San Francisco.” Southern Poverty Law Center. August 25, 2017. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/08/25/what-you-need-know-about-....
[4] Coaston, Jane. “The pro-Trump, anti-left Patriot Prayer group, explained.” Vox. September 8, 2020. https://www.vox.com/2020/9/8/21417403/patriot-prayer-explained-portland.
[5] Matarrese, Andy and Lauren Dake. “Joey Gibson aims to ‘liberate conservatives’ via his Patriot Prayer group.” The Columbian. July 2, 2017. https://www.columbian.com/news/2017/jul/02/joey-gibson-aims-to-liberate-.... Also available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1915075522. ; Bacon, John. “What is the right-wing group Patriot Prayer linked to Portland confrontations and who is Joey Gibson?” USA Today. August 30, 2020. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/08/30/patriot-prayer-joe....
[6] May, Patrick. “Who’s behind this weekend’s right-wing rally at Crissy Field.” The Mercury News. August 23, 2017. https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/08/23/whos-behind-this-weekends-right-w....
[7] Borter, Gabriella and Andrew Hay. “What to know about Patriot Prayer as Trump supporters take stand in Portland.” Reuters. September 1, 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-race-protests-patriot-prayer/w....
[8] McLaughlin, Erin, Susan Kroll, and David K. Li. “Far-right Patriot Prayer group says fatal shooting victim in Portland was a supporter.” NBC News. August 31, 3030. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/far-right-patriot-prayer-group-says.... ; Flaccus, Gillian. “Patriot Prayer no stranger to protests in Northwest.” The Associated Press. August 30, 2020. https://apnews.com/article/senate-elections-race-and-ethnicity-ap-top-ne....
[9] Coaston, Jane. “The pro-Trump, anti-left Patriot Prayer group, explained.” Vox. September 8, 2020. https://www.vox.com/2020/9/8/21417403/patriot-prayer-explained-portland. ; “Patriot Prayer rally organizer says he’s not religious or white supremacist: ‘I’m Japanese.’” KTVU Fox 2. August 23, 2017. https://www.ktvu.com/news/patriot-prayer-rally-organizer-says-hes-not-re...
[10] Coaston, Jane. “The pro-Trump, anti-left Patriot Prayer group, explained.” Vox. September 8, 2020. https://www.vox.com/2020/9/8/21417403/patriot-prayer-explained-portland.
[11] Coaston, Jane. “The pro-Trump, anti-left Patriot Prayer group, explained.” Vox. September 8, 2020. https://www.vox.com/2020/9/8/21417403/patriot-prayer-explained-portland. ; Fowler, Lilly. “Patriot Prayer leader dislikes racists, but they seem to hear a whistle.” Crosscut. August 24, 2017. https://crosscut.com/2017/08/patriot-prayer-joey-gibson-white-supremacis....
[12] Matarrese, Andy and Lauren Dake. “Joey Gibson aims to ‘liberate conservatives’ via his Patriot Prayer group.” The Columbian. July 2, 2017. https://www.columbian.com/news/2017/jul/02/joey-gibson-aims-to-liberate-.... Also available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1915075522.
[13] Craig, Tim, and Souad Mekhennet. “Portland killing renews focus on tactics of far-right group Patriot Prayer.” The Washington Post. September 1, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/2020/09/01/2b7baf62-ec9b-11ea-b4....
[14] “Facebook removes Patriot Prayer pages in bid to halt 'violent social militias.” The Guardian. September 4, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/sep/05/facebook-removes-patr....
[15] Bacon, John. “What is the right-wing group Patriot Prayer linked to Portland confrontations and who is Joey Gibson?” USA Today. August 30, 2020. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/08/30/patriot-prayer-joe....
[16] Matarrese, Andy and Lauren Dake. “Joey Gibson aims to ‘liberate conservatives’ via his Patriot Prayer group.” The Columbian. July 2, 2017. https://www.columbian.com/news/2017/jul/02/joey-gibson-aims-to-liberate-.... Also available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1915075522.
[17] Matarrese, Andy and Lauren Dake. “Joey Gibson aims to ‘liberate conservatives’ via his Patriot Prayer group.” The Columbian. July 2, 2017. https://www.columbian.com/news/2017/jul/02/joey-gibson-aims-to-liberate-.... Also available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1915075522.
[18] Matarrese, Andy and Lauren Dake. “Joey Gibson aims to ‘liberate conservatives’ via his Patriot Prayer group.” The Columbian. July 2, 2017. https://www.columbian.com/news/2017/jul/02/joey-gibson-aims-to-liberate-.... Also available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1915075522.
[19] Zielinski, Alex. “Undercover in Patriot Prayer: Insights From a Vancouver Democrat Who's Been Working Against the Far-Right Group from the Inside.” Portland Mercury. August 26, 2019. https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2019/08/26/27039560/undercover-....
[20] Orecchio-Egresitz, Haven. “The right-wing group Patriot Prayer, associated with a man killed in the Portland protests, has a history of provoking left-wing groups: 'This was just a matter of time.’” Insider. August 31, 2020. https://www.insider.com/what-is-patriot-prayer-joey-gibson-right-wing-gr.... ; Shepard, Katie, and Anna Williams. “Joey Gibson’s Strategy Now Is Just Baiting Antifa to Fight With Cops.” Willamette Week. September 15, 2017. https://www.wweek.com/news/2017/09/15/joey-gibsons-strategy-now-is-just-....
[21] Cider Riot, LLC; and Abram Goldman-Armstrong v. Patriot Prayer USA, LLC; Joseph “Joey” Gibson; Ian Kramer; Christopher Ponte; David Willis; Mackenzie Lewis; Matthew Cooper; and John Does 1-25. “Declaration of Joey Gibson in Support of Defendants’ Special Motion to Strike.” Circuit Court for the State of Oregon for the County of Multnomah, Case No. 19CV20231. See Exhibit 4 for the list of Patriot Prayer events publicized on Facebook. https://www.portlandmercury.com/images/blogimages/2019/07/22/1563844865-....
[22] Shepard, Katie. “After Nearly Three Years of Orchestrating Violent Rallies, Patriot Prayer Leader Joey Gibson Turns Himself In on Felony Riot Charge.” Willamette Week. August 16, 2019. https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2019/08/16/after-nearly-three-years-of....
[23] O’Connor, Brendan. “An Afternoon With Portland’s ‘Multiracial’ Far Right.” The Nation. August 6, 2018. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/afternoon-portlands-multi-raci....
[24] Bernton, Hal. “Proud Boys rally on Saturday raises concerns of more violence in Portland.” The Seattle Times. September 24, 2020. https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/proud-boys-rally-on-saturday-r.... ; Brown, Doug. “Photos & Video: Protesters Arrested at a Donald Trump Rally in Vancouver.” Portland Mercury. April 2, 2017. https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2017/04/02/18926966/photos-and-....
[25] Wilson, Jason. “Portland knife attack: tension high as 'free speech rally' set for weekend.” The Guardian. May 29, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/may/28/portland-knife-attack-fr....
[26] Andone, Dakin and Darran Simon. “Portland mayor asks feds to stop ‘alt-right’ rallies.” CNN. May 30, 2017. https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/29/us/portland-scheduled-demonstrations/inde....
[27] Sylvester, Terray. “Trump supporters confront counter-protests in Portland, Oregon.” Reuters. June 4, 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oregon-protests/trump-supporters-conf....
[28] Neiwart, David. “Evergreen State Protest By 'Patriot' Group Dwarfed By Angry Response.” Southern Poverty Law Center. June 16, 2017. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/06/16/evergreen-state-protest-p.... ; Jaschik, Scott. “Evergreen Calls Off ‘Day of Absence.’” Inside Higher Ed. February 28, 2018. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/02/22/evergreen-state-cancels-d....
[29] Neiwart, David. “Evergreen State Protest By 'Patriot' Group Dwarfed By Angry Response.” Southern Poverty Law Center. June 16, 2017. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/06/16/evergreen-state-protest-p....
[30] Shepard, Katie. “As Portland Police Stand By, Alt-Right and Antifa Protesters Beat Each Other Bloody.” Willamette Week. August 6, 2017. https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2017/08/06/as-portland-police-stand-by-a....
[31] “Patriot Prayer and Proud Boys roll into Portland ready for a fight.” Southern Poverty Law Center. June 6, 2018. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/06/06/patriot-prayer-and-proud-....
[32] Shepard, Katie. “Portland Police Declare a Riot After Right-Wing Marchers Begin Beating Antifascists with Flag Poles.” Willamette Week. June 30, 2018. https://www.wweek.com/news/2018/06/30/portland-police-declare-a-riot-aft.... ; Shepard, Katie. “MAGA Mayhem Fractures a Man’s Skull, as Right-Wing Marchers Test the Limits of Free Speech in Portland.” Willamette Week. July 4, 2018. https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2018/07/04/maga-mayhem-fractures-a-man.... ; Politi, Daniel. “Arrests Made as Right-Wing Protesters, Anti-Fascists Fight in Portland Streets.” Slate. July 1, 2018. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/07/patriot-prayer-rally-arrests....
[33] “Documents detail Joey Gibson’s felony riot charge.” KOIN. September 5, 2019. https://www.koin.com/news/crime/documents-detail-joey-gibsons-felony-rio.... ; Palmer, Ewan. “Far-Right Groups and Antifa Clash Again in Portland After Police Praise Peaceful May Day Protests.” Newsweek. May 2, 2019. https://www.newsweek.com/portland-proud-boys-patriot-prayer-antifa-may-d....
[34] Bernstein, Maxine. “Patriot Prayer leader Joey Gibson sues Multnomah County DA Mike Schmidt in federal court.” The Oregonian. September 11, 2020. https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2020/09/patriot-prayer-leader-sues-mult....
[35] “Documents detail Joey Gibson’s felony riot charge.” KOIN. September 5, 2019. https://www.koin.com/news/crime/documents-detail-joey-gibsons-felony-rio....
[36] Flaccus, Gillian. “Patriot Prayer no stranger to protests in Northwest.” The Associated Press. August 30, 2020. https://apnews.com/article/senate-elections-race-and-ethnicity-ap-top-ne.... ; “Proud Boys.” Southern Poverty Law Center. Accessed March 1, 2022. https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/proud-boys.
[37] Shepherd, Katie. “Texts Between Portland Police and Patriot Prayer Ringleader Joey Gibson Show Warm Exchange.” Willamette Week. February 14, 2019. https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2019/02/14/texts-between-portland-poli....
[38] Stenvick, Blair. “Police Officer Who Sent Protective Texts to Joey Gibson Cleared of Wrongdoing in City Review.” Portland Mercury. September 12, 2019. https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2019/09/12/27136199/police-offi....
[39] Stenvick, Blair. “Police Officer Who Sent Protective Texts to Joey Gibson Cleared of Wrongdoing in City Review.” Portland Mercury. September 12, 2019. https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2019/09/12/27136199/police-offi....
[40] Ortiz, Erik. “'Disturbing' texts between Oregon police and far-right group prompt investigation.” NBC News. February 15, 2019. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/disturbing-texts-between-oregon-pol....
[41] “Wheeler To Order Independent Investigation Into Portland Police Texts.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. February 15, 2019. https://www.opb.org/news/article/portland-police-text-messages-joey-gibs....
[42] Bernstein, Maxine. “Cop cleared in controversy over his friendly texts with Patriot Prayer’s Joey Gibson before, during protests.” The Oregonian. September 12, 2019. https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2019/09/cop-cleared-in-controversy-over-.... ; Stenvick, Blair. “Police Officer Who Sent Protective Texts to Joey Gibson Cleared of Wrongdoing in City Review.” Portland Mercury. September 12, 2019. https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2019/09/12/27136199/police-offi....
[43] Olmos, Sergio et al. “Person shot and killed during pro-Trump car caravan through downtown Portland.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. August 29, 2020. https://www.opb.org/article/2020/08/30/portland-trump-cruise-rally-prote...
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[49] Gruver, Tim. “Protests rock Oregon Capitol as lawmakers convene hectic special session.” The Center Square. December 21, 2020. https://www.thecentersquare.com/oregon/protests-rock-oregon-capitol-as-l.... ; Dake, Lauren, and Dirk VanderHart. “Far-right protesters disrupt Oregon Legislature special session.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. December 21, 2020. https://www.opb.org/article/2020/12/21/oregon-legislature-special-sessio.... ; “Man accused of attacking reporters at Oregon Capitol protest turns himself in.” KGW. December 21, 2020. https://www.kgw.com/article/news/politics/protesters-gather-at-oregon-ca....
[50] Owen, Tess. “Armed Anti-Lockdown Protesters Just Tried to Storm Oregon's State Capitol.” Vice. December 21, 2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/5dp5kd/armed-anti-lockdown-protesters-ju....
[51] Gruver, Tim. “Protests rock Oregon Capitol as lawmakers convene hectic special session.” The Center Square. December 21, 2020. https://www.thecentersquare.com/oregon/protests-rock-oregon-capitol-as-l... Dake, Lauren, and Dirk VanderHart. “Far-right protesters disrupt Oregon Legislature special session.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. December 21, 2020. https://www.opb.org/article/2020/12/21/oregon-legislature-special-sessio.... ; “Man accused of attacking reporters at Oregon Capitol protest turns himself in.” KGW. December 21, 2020. https://www.kgw.com/article/news/politics/protesters-gather-at-oregon-ca....
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[54] Politi, Daniel. “What Is Patriot Prayer?” Slate. August 30, 2020. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/08/what-is-patriot-prayer-far-r.... ; Stewart, Emily. “Anti-maskers explain themselves.” Vox. August 7, 2020. https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2020/8/7/21357400/anti-mask-protest-rallie.... ; Moreno, Amy. “Freedom rally drums up support for businesses in small Lewis County town.” King 5 News. December 12, 2020. https://www.king5.com/article/news/local/lewis-county-mossyrock-freedom-.... ; Fitzsimons, Tim. “Washington town hosts large anti-mask rally.” NBC News. December 15, 2020. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/washington-town-hosts-large-anti-ma...
[55] Craig, Tim and Souad Mekhennet. “Portland killing renews focus on tactics of far-right group Patriot Prayer.” The Washington Post. September 1, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/2020/09/01/2b7baf62-ec9b-11ea-b4....
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[57] Coaston, Jane. “The pro-Trump, anti-left Patriot Prayer group, explained.” Vox. September 8, 2020. https://www.vox.com/2020/9/8/21417403/patriot-prayer-explained-portland. ; Craig, Tim and Souad Mekhennet. “Portland killing renews focus on tactics of far-right group Patriot Prayer.” The Washington Post. September 1, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/2020/09/01/2b7baf62-ec9b-11ea-b4....
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[60] Coaston, Jane. “The pro-Trump, anti-left Patriot Prayer group, explained.” Vox. September 8, 2020. https://www.vox.com/2020/9/8/21417403/patriot-prayer-explained-portland. ; Fowler, Lilly. “Patriot Prayer leader dislikes racists, but they seem to hear a whistle.” Crosscut. August 24, 2017. https://crosscut.com/2017/08/patriot-prayer-joey-gibson-white-supremacis....
[61] Matarrese, Andy and Lauren Dake. “Joey Gibson aims to ‘liberate conservatives’ via his Patriot Prayer group.” The Columbian. July 2, 2017. https://www.columbian.com/news/2017/jul/02/joey-gibson-aims-to-liberate-.... Also available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1915075522.
[62] Wilson, Jason. “Portland Republicans to use militia for security as far-right rallies continue.” The Guardian. July 1, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jul/01/portland-far-right-rally....
[63] Fordham, Evie. “What is Patriot Prayer, the pro-Trump group whose member was killed in Portland?” Fox News. August 31, 2020. https://www.foxnews.com/politics/patriot-prayer-joey-bishop-portland-killed.
[64] “Patriot Prayer rally organizer says he’s not religious or white supremacist: ‘I’m Japanese.’” KTVU Fox 2. August 23, 2017. https://www.ktvu.com/news/patriot-prayer-rally-organizer-says-hes-not-re....
[65] Coaston, Jane. “The pro-Trump, anti-left Patriot Prayer group, explained.” Vox. September 8, 2020. https://www.vox.com/2020/9/8/21417403/patriot-prayer-explained-portland. ; Wilson, Jason. “How a gun-carrying, far-right activist plots a run at the US Senate.” The Guardian. June 3, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/03/us-senate-hopeful-washingt... Kavanaugh, Shane. “Patriot Prayer leader Joey Gibson plans U.S. Senate run in Washington.” The Oregonian. February 25, 2018. https://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/2018/02/patriot_prayer.... ; “Joey Gibson.” Ballotpedia. Accessed March 1, 2022. https://ballotpedia.org/Joey_Gibson. ; Matarrese, Andy and Lauren Dake. “Joey Gibson aims to ‘liberate conservatives’ via his Patriot Prayer group.” The Columbian. July 2, 2017. https://www.columbian.com/news/2017/jul/02/joey-gibson-aims-to-liberate-....
[66] “Joey Gibson, five others indicted for felony riot in connection with May Day brawl.” KGW. August 22, 2019. https://www.kgw.com/article/news/crime/joey-gibson-five-others-indicted-.... ; Kavanaugh, Shane. “Patriot Prayer-antifa clash lands Cider Riot in state regulator’s crosshairs.” The Oregonian. September 20, 2019. https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2019/09/patriot-prayer-antifa-clash-land...
[67] Bernstein, Maxine. “Patriot Prayer leader Joey Gibson sues Multnomah County DA Mike Schmidt in federal court.” The Oregonian. September 11, 2020. https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2020/09/patriot-prayer-leader-sues-mult....
[68] Powell, Meerah. “Federal judge throws out Joey Gibson’s lawsuit against Multnomah County DA.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. February 27, 2021. https://www.opb.org/article/2021/02/27/federal-judge-patriot-prayer-foun.... ; Zielinski, Alex. “State Finds DA Schmidt Didn't Discriminate Against Patriot Prayer's Joey Gibson.” Portland Mercury. August 6, 2021. https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2021/08/06/35744161/state-finds....
[69] Green, Aimee. “Joey Gibson asks judge to throw out $1 million Cider Riot lawsuit against him.” The Oregonian. October 25, 2019. https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2019/10/joey-gibson-asks-judge-to-throw-....
[70] Kavanaugh, Shane Dixon. “Proud Boy Tusitala ‘Tiny’ Toese faces felony charges in clash near abandoned Portland Kmart.” The Oregonian. January 18, 2022. https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2022/01/proud-boy-tusitala-tiny-toese-f....
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[72] Campuzano, Eder. “Proud Boy, former Patriot Prayer brawler Tusitala ‘Tiny’ Toese arrested in Washington.” Oregon Live. August 29, 2020. https://www.oregonlive.com/clark-county/2020/08/proud-boy-former-patriot....
[73] Olmos, Sergio. “Band of Others: Joey Gibson and Patriot Prayer.” Underscore. September 20, 2019. https://www.underscore.news/reporting/band-of-others-part-i.
[74] Sparling, Zain. “Portland Proud Boy ‘Tiny’ Toese shot at Washington protest.” KOIN, September 4, 2020. https://www.koin.com/news/protests/portland-proud-boy-tiny-toese-shot-at.... ; Bernstein, Maxine. “Lieutenant removed from Rapid Response Team as Portland police investigate his texts with Patriot Prayer’s Joey Gibson.” The Oregonian. February 15, 2019. https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2019/02/portland-police-lieutenant-remo...
[75] Kavanaugh, Shane. “Proud Boy, Patriot Prayer brawler Tusitala ‘Tiny’ Toese barred from Portland protests for 2 years, judge rules.” The Oregonian. January 14, 2020. https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2020/01/proud-boy-patriot-prayer-brawler....
[76] Mesh, Aaron. “Right-Wing Fighter Tusitala “Tiny” Toese Arrested at Portland Airport for 2018 Sidewalk Assault.” Willamette Week. October 5, 2019. https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2019/10/05/right-wing-fighter-tusitala....
[77] Wilson, Conrad. “Patriot Prayer’s Tusitala ‘Tiny’ Toese Pleads Guilty To Assault Charge.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. January 14, 2020. https://www.opb.org/news/article/vancouver-patriot-prayer-tusitala-tiny-....
[78] Kavanaugh, Shane. “Proud Boy, Patriot Prayer brawler Tusitala ‘Tiny’ Toese sentenced to 6 months in Portland jail.” The Oregonian. October 20, 2020. https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2020/10/proud-boy-patriot-prayer-brawler....
[79] Riski, Tess. “Proud Boy Tusitala “Tiny” Toese Will Be Released Early From Jail Next Week.” Willamette Week. December 16, 2020. https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2020/12/16/tusitala-tiny-toese-will-be....
[80] Riski, Tess. “Proud Boy Tusitala “Tiny” Toese Will Be Released Early From Jail Next Week.” Willamette Week. December 16, 2020. https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2020/12/16/tusitala-tiny-toese-will-be....
[81] Kavanaugh, Shane Dixon and Zane Sparling. “Proud Boy Tusitala ‘Tiny’ Toese faces felony charges in clash near abandoned Portland Kmart.” The Oregonian. January 20, 2022. https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2022/01/proud-boy-tusitala-tiny-toese-f.... ; Dickinson, Tim. “Proud Boy Brawler ‘Tiny’ Toese Jailed on Felony Charges in Washington State.” Rolling Stone. January 21, 2022. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/proud-boy-brawler-ja...
[82]“Patriot Prayer member arrested after Salem protest.” KOIN, January 5, 20201. https://www.koin.com/news/man-associated-with-patriot-prayer-proud-boys-.... ; Kim, Eddie. “Like Father, Like Son: When Fascism Becomes Family.” MEL Magazine. 2021. https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/family-fascism-alt-right-extremism.
[83] Olmos, Sergio. “Patriot Prayer member accused of attacking Oregon police allowed to move out of state.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. February 18, 2021. https://www.opb.org/article/2021/02/19/oregon-capitol-chandler-pappas-mo....
[84] Olmos, Sergio. “Patriot Prayer member accused of attacking Oregon police allowed to move out of state.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. February 18, 2021. https://www.opb.org/article/2021/02/19/oregon-capitol-chandler-pappas-mo.... ; Gruver, Tim. “Oregon Capitol invader okayed by judge for relocation to Arizona ahead of trial.” The Center Square. February 19, 2021. https://www.thecentersquare.com/oregon/oregon-capitol-invader-okayed-by-....
[85] “Patriot Prayer member arrested after Salem protest.” KOIN 6 News. January 5, 2021. https://www.koin.com/news/man-associated-with-patriot-prayer-proud-boys-.... ; “Portland man accused of assaulting 6 police officers at Salem anti-mask rally.” The Oregonian. January 5, 2021. https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2021/01/portland-man-accused-of-assaulti....
[86] Reeve, Elle. “He’s an ex-Proud Boy. Here’s what he says happens within the group’s ranks.” CNN. November 25, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/25/us/ex-proud-boys-member/index.html. ; Wilson, Jason. “Portland man says he was attacked by man linked to far-right Senate candidate.” The Guardian. June 16, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/16/portland-proud-boys-allege....
[87] “Two more arrests made in relation to May Day fight outside Cider Riot Bar.” KGW 8. August 15, 2019. https://www.kgw.com/article/news/crime/two-more-arrests-made-in-relation....
[88] Ramakrishnan, Jayati. “6 indicted on charges related to May Day brawl at Portland bar.” The Oregonian. August 22, 2019. https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2019/08/6-indicted-on-charges-related-t....
[89] Brynelson, Troy. “Patriot Prayer’s Joey Gibson sues Multnomah County DA over felony riot charge.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. September 12, 2020. https://www.opb.org/article/2020/09/12/joey-gibson-lawsuit-mike-schmidt/. ; Bernstein, Maxine. “Federal judge refuses to intervene in riot case against Patriot Prayer leader Joey Gibson, supporter.” The Oregonian. February 26, 2021. https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2021/02/federal-judge-refuses-to-interv....
[90] Powell, Meerah. “Federal judge throws out Joey Gibson’s lawsuit against Multnomah County DA.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. February 27, 2021. https://www.opb.org/article/2021/02/27/federal-judge-patriot-prayer-foun....
[91] Zielinski, Alex. “Undercover in Patriot Prayer: Insights From a Vancouver Democrat Who’s Been Working Against the Far-Right Group from the Inside.” Portland Mercury. August 26, 2019. https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2019/08/26/27039560/undercover-....
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[93] Shepherd, Katie. “Patriot Prayer Fundraising Page Disappears After Campaign To Shut It Down.” Willamette Week. November 2, 2018. https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2018/11/02/patriot-prayer-fundraising-pa....
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[96] “Joey Gibson, five others indicted for felony riot in connection with May Day brawl.” KGW. August 22, 2019. https://www.kgw.com/article/news/crime/joey-gibson-five-others-indicted-.... ; Kavanaugh, Shane. “Judge rejects Patriot Prayer leader Joey Gibson’s plea to move $1M Cider Riot suit outside Portland.” The Oregonian, September 20, 2019. https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2019/09/judge-rejects-patriot-prayer-lea....
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[99] Shepherd, Katie. “Apparel Company Boots Patriot Prayer And Refuses To Continue Selling Their Merchandise.” Willamette Week. November 12, 2018. https://www.wweek.com/news/business/2018/11/12/apparel-company-boots-pat....
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[115] Orecchio-Egresitz, Haven. “The right-wing group Patriot Prayer, associated with a man killed in the Portland protests, has a history of provoking left-wing groups: 'This was just a matter of time.’” Insider, August 31, 2020. https://www.insider.com/what-is-patriot-prayer-joey-gibson-right-wing-gr.... ; Shepard, Katie, and Anna Williams. “Joey Gibson’s Strategy Now Is Just Baiting Antifa to Fight With Cops.” Willamette Week. September 15, 2017. https://www.wweek.com/news/2017/09/15/joey-gibsons-strategy-now-is-just-....
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[118] Politi, Daniel. “What is Patriot Prayer?” Slate. August 30, 2020. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/08/what-is-patriot-prayer-far-r....
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[122] “Conservative march, counter protest forms in wake of canceled parade.” KGW 8. August 12, 2021. https://www.kgw.com/article/news/politics/conservative-march-counter-pro....
[123] Pein, Corey. “Right-Wing Group Plans "Free Speech" March In Wake Of East Portland Parade Cancellation.” Willamette Week. April 26, 2017. https://www.wweek.com/news/2017/04/26/right-wing-group-plans-free-speech.... ; Coaston, Jane. “The pro-Trump, anti-left Patriot Prayer group, explained.” Vox. September 8, 2020. https://www.vox.com/2020/9/8/21417403/patriot-prayer-explained-portland. ; Pein, Corey and Nigel Jaquiss. “Who Radicalized Jeremy Christian? Alt-Right Extremists Rush to Distance Themselves From MAX Slaying Suspect.” Willamette Week. May 31, 2017. https://www.wweek.com/news/2017/05/31/who-radicalized-jeremy-christian-a....
[124] Pein, Corey, and Nigel Jaquiss. “Who Radicalized Jeremy Christian? Alt-Right Extremists Rush to Distance Themselves From MAX Slaying Suspect.” Willamette Week, May 31, 2017. https://www.wweek.com/news/2017/05/31/who-radicalized-jeremy-christian-a....
[125] Wilson, Jason. “Portland knife attack: tension high as 'free speech rally' set for weekend.” The Guardian. May 29, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/may/28/portland-knife-attack-fr....
[126] Morton, Neal. “Riots mar May Day in Portland and Olympia. In Seattle? Light up the ‘peace joint.’” The Seattle Times. May 2, 2017. http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/riots-mar-may-day-in-p.... ; Kinsey, Kristin. “Stand Against Communism Rally hosted by Patriot Prayer: Counter-protestor demanding Patriot Prayer group go home, Westlake Park, Seattle, May 1, 2017.” University of Washington. May 1, 2017. https://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/digital/collection/p16786c...
[127] Sottile, Leah. “Right-wing free speech rally draws massive counterprotests in Portland.” The Washington Post. June 4, 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/right-wing-free-speech-rally-dra.... ; Sylvester, Terray. “Trump supporters confront counter-protests in Portland, Oregon.” Reuters. June 4, 2017. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-oregon-protests/trump-supporters-conf.... ; Hansen, Kristena. “14 arrested as pro-Trump rally draws massive counter-protests in Portland.” Chicago Tribune. June 4, 2017. https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-portland-protests-2017060....
[128] Wilson, Jason. “Far-right leader and Washington officers face civil rights lawsuit over violent incident.” The Guardian. November 5, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/05/far-right-leader-joey-gibs.... ; Neiwert, David. “Evergreen State Protest By 'Patriot' Group Dwarfed By Angry Response.” Southern Poverty Law Center. June 16, 2017. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/06/16/evergreen-state-protest-p.... ; Jaschik, Scott. “Evergreen Calls Off ‘Day of Absence.’” Inside Higher Ed. February 28, 2018. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/02/22/evergreen-state-cancels-d....
[129] Neiwert, David. “Evergreen State Protest By 'Patriot' Group Dwarfed By Angry Response.” Southern Poverty Law Center. June 16, 2017. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/06/16/evergreen-state-protest-p....
[130] Neiwert, David. “Evergreen State Protest By ‘Patriot’ Group Dwarfed By Angry Response.” Southern Poverty Law Center. June 16, 2017. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/06/16/evergreen-state-protest-p....
[131] Neiwert, David. “Evergreen State Protest By 'Patriot' Group Dwarfed By Angry Response.” Southern Poverty Law Center. June 16, 2017. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/06/16/evergreen-state-protest-p....
[132] Douglass, Joe. “Pro-Trump and anti-fascist demonstrators square off near Waterfront Blues Festival.” KATU 2. June 30, 2017. https://katu.com/news/local/pro-trump-and-anti-fascist-demonstrators-squ.... ; “Violence breaks out at protests near Waterfront Blues Festival.” The Oregonian. July 1, 2017. https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2017/06/violence_breaks_out_at_prote....
[133] Helsel, Phil. “Leader of Right-Wing Group Cancels Planned San Francisco Rally.” NBC News. August 25, 2017. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/leader-right-wing-group-cancels-pla.... ; Bhattacharjee, Riya. “‘Tomorrow Feels Like a Set-Up:' Conservative Group Patriot Prayer Cancels Free Speech Rally in SF.” NBC Bay Area. August 25, 2017. https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/patriot-prayer-group-cancels-rally.... ; Sepulvado, John and Don Clyde. “S.F. Right-Wing Rally Canceled as Bay Area Officials Push Back Against Fringe-Right Rallies.” KQED. August 25, 2017. https://www.kqed.org/news/11613873/one-right-wing-rally-canceled-as-bay-....
[134] Barmann, Jay. “Patriot Prayer's Joey Gibson 'Rescued' By Berkeley Police; 13 Arrests Made During Sunday Demonstration.” SFist. August 27, 2017. https://sfist.com/2017/08/27/patriot_prayer_leader_joey_gibson_r/. ; “Patriot Prayer Leader Pepper-Sprayed, Detained At Berkeley Rally.” CBS Bay Area. August 27, 2017. https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2017/08/27/joey-gibson-berkeley-rally/. ; Leitsinger, Miranda. “PHOTOS: Violence and Defiance Mark Berkeley Protest of Far Right.” KQED. August 27, 2017. https://www.kqed.org/news/11614202/photos-berkeley-protests-the-far-right.
[135] Thomas, Keaton. “Hundreds rally and march in downtown Portland to counter Patriot Prayer group.” KATU 2. September 10, 2017. https://katu.com/news/local/hundreds-rally-and-march-downtown-patriot-pr.... ; Wesley, Lashay. “Free Speech rally, counter protests move to Vancouver after arrests in Portland.” KATU 2. September 10, 2017. https://katu.com/news/local/free-speech-rally-counter-protests-move-to-v.... ; Matarrese, Andy. “Protesters clash in Patriot Prayer demonstration on Vancouver waterfront.” The Columbian. September 10, 2017. https://www.columbian.com/news/2017/sep/10/protesters-clash-in-patriot-p.... Also available at https://www.proquest.com/docview/1937373923/389E029F9026476APQ/. ; Schulberg, Jessica. “Man Accused Of Trying To Mow Down Antifa With Truck Claims It Was A Misunderstanding.” HuffPost. September 14, 2017. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/billy-wilson-antifa-vancouver_n_59bab965e....
[136] Veklerov, Kimberly, Lizzie Johnson, and Jill Tucker. “Three arrests after fistfights between right, left at UC Berkeley.” SFGate. September 26, 2017. https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/berkeley-protest-sproul-plaza-patrio.... ; “3 arrested in Berkeley during Patriot Prayer march.” KRON 4. September 26, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170930000058/http://kron4.com/2017/09/26/2.... ; Oreskes, Benjamin and Javier Panzar. “Scuffles break out during far-right march in Berkeley; at least 3 arrested.” Los Angeles Times. September 26, 2017. https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-patriot-prayer-berkeley-201.... ; “Fraternal Order of Alt Knights (FOAK).” Southern Poverty Law Center. Accessed March 1, 2022. https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/fraternal-....
[137] Kate O’Connell. “Protests and arrests at UW College Republicans rally Saturday.” KUOW. February 10, 2018. https://kuow.org/stories/protest-and-arrests-uw-college-republicans-rall....
[138] “May Da 2018 in Seattle: How the marches and protests unfolded.” The Seattle Times. May 1, 2018. https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/live-updates-may-day-2018-seat....
[139] Neiwert, David. “Joey Gibson’s far-right Senate candidacy creates dilemma for Republicans.” Southern Poverty Law Center. May 21, 2018. https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/05/21/joey-gibsons-far-right-se....
[140] Long, Katherine and Michelle Baruchman. “May Day marked by peaceful marches in Seattle, 1 arrest near Amazon Spheres.” The Seattle Times. May 2, 2018. https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/may-day-marked-by-peaceful-mar....
[141] “Antifa and Patriot Prayer demonstrators clash in downtown Portland; 4 arrested.” The Oregonian. June 3, 2018. https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2018/06/live_updates_antifa_vs_right.... ; Flaccus, Gillian. “Violent protests again draw attention to Portland, Oregon.” The Associated Press. June 9, 2018. https://apnews.com/article/f476a485c526430899935bcfccb04c8a. ; Kenoyer, Kelly. “What We Got Wrong About Last Weekend's Violent Rallies.” Portland Mercury. June 8, 2018. https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2018/06/08/20446918/what-we-got....
[142] Politi, Daniel. “Arrests Made as Right-Wing Protesters, Anti-Fascists Fight in Portland Streets.” Slate. July 1, 2018. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/07/patriot-prayer-rally-arrests.... ; Russo, Carla. “Right-Wing Portland Rally Declared Riot Amid Clashes With Antifa Protesters.” HuffPost. July 1, 2018. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/patriot-prayer-portland-riot_n_5b383170e4.... ; Wilson, Jason. “Riot in Portland as far-right marchers clash with anti-fascists.” The Guardian. July 1, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jul/01/riot-in-portland-as-far-.... ; Shepard, Katie. “Portland Police Declare a Riot After Right-Wing Marchers Begin Beating Antifascists with Flag Poles.” Willamette Week, June 30, 2018. https://www.wweek.com/news/2018/06/30/portland-police-declare-a-riot-aft.... ; Shepard, Katie. “MAGA Mayhem Fractures a Man’s Skull, as Right-Wing Marchers Test the Limits of Free Speech in Portland.” Willamette Week, July 4, 2018. https://www.wweek.com/news/courts/2018/07/04/maga-mayhem-fractures-a-man....
[143] Mathias, Christopher. “Portland’s Patriot Prayer Rally Could Be Most Violent Since Charlottesville, Activists Say.” HuffPost. August 3, 2018. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/portland-patriot-prayer-proud-boys-rally_.... ; Sottile, Leah. “Protests again convulse Portland, Ore., as groups on the right and left face off.” The Washington Post. August 6, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/08/04/protests-a.... ; Wilson, Jason. “Portland far-right rally: police charge counterprotesters with batons drawn.” The Guardian. August 5, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/04/patriot-prayer-to-carry-....
[144] Gutman, David. “Patriot Prayer, others hold dueling Seattle rallies marked by lots of yelling, 3 arrests.” The Seattle Times. August 18, 2018. https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/largely-peaceful-duel.... ; Wilson, Jason. “’Liberty or Death’: rightwing protesters march against alleged leftwing violence in Seattle.” The Guardian. August 19, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/19/rightwing-protest-seattl...
[145] Wilson, Jason. “Arrests and clashes as rival right and left rallies descend on Portland again.” The Guardian. November 18, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/18/arrests-and-clashes-as-r.... ; Casiano, Louis. “Patriot Prayer rally in Portland, Ore., leads to 6 arrests as groups clash.” Fox News. November 18, 2018. https://www.foxnews.com/us/six-arrested-in-dueling-portland-rallies-invo...
[146] “Documents detail Joey Gibson’s felony riot charge.” KOIN. September 5, 2019. https://www.koin.com/news/crime/documents-detail-joey-gibsons-felony-rio.... ; Palmer, Ewan. “Far-Right Groups and Antifa Clash Again in Portland After Police Praise Peaceful May Day Protests.” Newsweek. May 2, 2019. https://www.newsweek.com/portland-proud-boys-patriot-prayer-antifa-may-d....
[147] Bernstein, Maxine. “Patriot Prayer leader Joey Gibson sues Multnomah County DA Mike Schmidt in federal court.” The Oregonian. September 11, 2020. https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2020/09/patriot-prayer-leader-sues-mult....
[148] Bernstein, Maxine. “Patriot Prayer leader Joey Gibson sues Multnomah County DA Mike Schmidt in federal court.” The Oregonian. September 11, 2020. https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2020/09/patriot-prayer-leader-sues-mult.... ; Ramakrishnan, Jayati. “Suspect pleads guilty to assaulting woman during May 2019 riot outside NE Portland bar.” The Oregonian. May 21, 2021. https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2021/05/suspect-pleads-guilty-to-assaul....
[149] “Patriot Prayer holds ‘Peaceful Prayer Rally’ in Pioneer Square.” KOIN 6. September 15, 2019. https://www.koin.com/news/oregon/patriot-prayer-to-hold-peaceful-prayer-....
[150] Ducey, Karen. “Patriot Prayer Holds Rally Protesting Mandatory Face Masks In Washington.” Getty Images. June 26, 2020. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/joey-gibson-from-patriot-p...
[151] Haas, Ryan, Sergio Olmos, and Bradley W. Parks. “Protesters fight using pepper spray, baseball bats in Portland on Saturday.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. August 22, 2020. https://www.opb.org/article/2020/08/22/conservative-protesters-plan-rall.... ; Dowling, Jennifer. “‘Unlawful assembly’ by protesters at Terry Schrunk Plaza.” KOIN 6. August 22, 2020. https://www.koin.com/news/protests/portland-protests-patriot-rally-justi.... ; Smith, Suzette. “Portland Police Stand By As Armed Alt-Right Protesters and Antifascists Brawl.” Portland Mercury. August 23, 2020. https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2020/08/23/28759499/portland-po.... ; Jaquiss, Nigel. “Right-Wingers and Anti-Fascists Brawl Downtown as Police Stand By.” Willamette Week. August 22, 2020. https://www.wweek.com/news/2020/08/22/right-wingers-anti-facists-brawl-d....
[152] Coaston, Jane. “The pro-Trump, anti-left Patriot Prayer group, explained.” Vox. September 8, 2020. https://www.vox.com/2020/9/8/21417403/patriot-prayer-explained-portland.
[153] Vance, Ken. “Patriot Prayer leader Joey Gibson addresses death of Aaron Danielson.” Clark County Today. September 1, 2020. https://www.clarkcountytoday.com/news/patriot-prayer-leader-joey-gibson-....
[154] Mesh, Aaron. “One Person Shot to Death Amid Trump Caravan in Downtown Portland.” Willamette Week. August 29, 2020. https://www.wweek.com/news/2020/08/29/one-person-shot-to-death-amid-trum.... ; Coaston, Jane. “The pro-Trump, anti-left Patriot Prayer group, explained.” Vox. September 8, 2020. https://www.vox.com/2020/9/8/21417403/patriot-prayer-explained-portland.
[155] Bernstein, Maxine. “Michael Reinoehl appeared to target right-wing demonstrator before fatal shooting in Portland, police say.” The Oregonian. September 4, 2020. https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2020/09/arrest-warrant-against-michael-....
[156] “Vancouver ‘Stop the Steal’ rally organized by Joey Gibson alleges election stolen from Trump.” The Columbian. November 7, 2020. https://www.columbian.com/news/2020/nov/07/vancouver-stop-the-steal-rall....
[157] Kochenauer, Jenna. “LCB responds to protests targeting employees.” 610 Kona News Radio. December 2, 2020. https://www.610kona.com/lcb-responds-to-protests-targeting-employees/. ; Cary, Annette. “WA liquor agents followed and confronted after notifying Tri-Cities bar of COVID violation.” The Spokesman-Review, November 28, 2020. https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2020/nov/27/wa-liquor-agents-followed-.... ; Cary, Annette. “Tri-Cities liquor agent’s home targeted by Patriot Prayer activist for protest rally.” Tri-City Herald. November 23, 2020. https://www.tri-cityherald.com/news/coronavirus/article247375014.html.
[158] Moreno, Amy. “Freedom rally drums up support for businesses in small Lewis County town.” King 5 News. December 12, 2020. https://www.king5.com/article/news/local/lewis-county-mossyrock-freedom-.... ; Fitzsimons, Tim. “Washington town hosts large anti-mask rally.” NBC News. December 15, 2020. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/washington-town-hosts-large-anti-ma....
[159] “Man accused of attacking reporters at Oregon Capitol protest turns himself in.” KGW. December 21, 2020. https://www.kgw.com/article/news/politics/protesters-gather-at-oregon-ca....
[160] Gruver, Tim. “Protests rock Oregon Capitol as lawmakers convene hectic special session.” The Center Square. December 21, 2020. https://www.thecentersquare.com/oregon/protests-rock-oregon-capitol-as-l.... ; Dake, Lauren, and Dirk VanderHart. “Far-right protesters disrupt Oregon Legislature special session.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. December 21, 2020. https://www.opb.org/article/2020/12/21/oregon-legislature-special-sessio.... ; “Man accused of attacking reporters at Oregon Capitol protest turns himself in.” KGW. December 21, 2020. https://www.kgw.com/article/news/politics/protesters-gather-at-oregon-ca....
[161] Owen, Tess. “Armed Anti-Lockdown Protesters Just Tried to Storm Oregon's State Capitol.” VICE News. December 21, 2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/5dp5kd/armed-anti-lockdown-protesters-ju....
[162] Gruver, Tim. “Protests rock Oregon Capitol as lawmakers convene hectic special session.” The Center Square. December 21, 2020. https://www.thecentersquare.com/oregon/protests-rock-oregon-capitol-as-l.... ; Dake, Lauren, and Dirk VanderHart. “Far-right protesters disrupt Oregon Legislature special session.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. December 21, 2020. https://www.opb.org/article/2020/12/21/oregon-legislature-special-sessio.... ; “Man accused of attacking reporters at Oregon Capitol protest turns himself in.” KGW. December 21, 2020. https://www.kgw.com/article/news/politics/protesters-gather-at-oregon-ca....
[163] “Patriot Prayer member arrested after Salem protest.” KOIN. January 5, 2021. https://www.koin.com/news/man-associated-with-patriot-prayer-proud-boys-.... ; Haroun, Azmi. “Anti-lockdown protesters storm Oregon Capitol building, clashing with police officers.” Insider. December 21, 2020. https://www.businessinsider.com/far-right-protestors-storm-oregon-state-...
[164] “Man accused of attacking reporters at Oregon Capitol protest turns himself in.” KGW. December 21, 2020. https://www.kgw.com/article/news/politics/protesters-gather-at-oregon-ca.... ; Withycombe, Claire and Virginia Barreda. “4 arrests made after protesters attempt to enter Oregon State Capitol during session.” Salem Statesman Journal. December 21, 2020. https://www.statesmanjournal.com/story/news/politics/2020/12/21/proteste...
[165] Zielinski, Alex. “No Charges for Far-Right Activist Who Strolled Through Downtown Portland With Rifle.” Portland Mercury. August 9, 2021. https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2021/08/09/35814684/no-charges-.... ; Sparling, Zane. “Portland faith event spurs skirmishes between left, right.” Portland Tribune. August 9, 2021. https://pamplinmedia.com/pt/9-news/517955-413867-portland-faith-event-sp....
[166] “Anti-mask demonstrators return to school despite court order.” The Associated Press. September 10, 2021. https://apnews.com/article/health-religion-education-coronavirus-pandemi.... ; Brynelson, Troy. “Anti-mask demonstrators return to Vancouver’s Skyview High School, despite court order.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. September 10, 2021. https://www.opb.org/article/2021/09/10/anti-mask-protests-return-vancouv.... Although no violence resulted on this occasion, Patriot Prayer has consistently used its presence at events to instigate and provoke violence. Its presence threatens violence.
[167] O’Connor, Brendan. “An Afternoon With Portland’s ‘Multiracial’ Far Right.” The Nation. August 6, 2018. https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/afternoon-portlands-multi-raci....
[168] Burley, Shane. “Patriot Prayer is building a violent movement in Portland.” Salon. July 4, 2019. https://www.salon.com/2019/07/04/patriot-prayer-is-building-a-violent-mo....
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[170] Hay, Andrew and Katie Paul. “Facebook removes pages of right-wing group Patriot Prayer after Portland unrest.” Reuters. September 4, 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-race-protests-portland-faceboo.... ; Brynelson, Troy. “Facebook removes Patriot Prayer founder Joey Gibson.” Oregon Public Broadcasting. September 4, 2020. https://www.opb.org/article/2020/09/04/facebook-removes-patriot-prayer-f...
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